作業系統 – Librehat的部落格

FydeOS上手体验

距离上次写与Chrome OS/Chromium OS相关的帖子又有一段时间了。之前提到了怎么用Brunch项目来运行原味的Chrome OS，奈何Brunch的内核和我的新笔电（Samsung Galaxy Book Pro 360）一直不是很兼容，主要两个痛点：

声卡和麦克风识别时有时无
笔电折叠后不会自动切换到平板模式

网上有人提到了FydeOS，于是这个周末抽了点时间来试试。剧透一下，感觉真不错！

My old ODROID-U3 has been giving me quite some headaches. Its old USB 2.0 ports and 100Mbps Ethernet port are also very limiting in 2023. Its power supply is not the best (not an uncommon issue with HardKernel’s products, certainly not uncommon among the older generation of single board computers). A hardware upgrade is therefore necessary.

I don’t really use it for anything else other than a humble home server to stream videos, music, and sometimes photos. Generally used as a private file share system at home. I already bought an 1 TB USB 3.0 HDD, so I definitely need a device that supports USB 3.0 at least. To not have a limiting network I/O, it should also have 1Gbps Ethernet port.

Why not buying a popular Raspberry Pi 4? Well, I tried, but it’s out of stock everywhere. That’s why I turned to its alternatives, initially I was going to buy another HardKernel’s ODROID product, but its pricing in Europe is just way too high than the price on its website. Unfortunately, (not sure if this has anything to do with Brexit), there is a minimum order requirement to ship to the UK. I’m building a cluster or something, so looking again…

Ta-da! I found Banana Pi, the name is a bit.. knock-off, and the manufacturer is in China, I’ll let you connect the dots. Banana Pi M5 is not the newest model, but it’s comparable to Raspberry Pi 4 and ticks all of my boxes. Long story short, I bought it from Ali-Express where it’s much cheaper than Amazon or other local retailers here. They were also running some sales on bundles, so I ended up buying it with a metal case, yet paying less.

On paper, it provides even better performance than Raspberry Pi 4! More importantly, it’s readily available! One thing I did pay extra attention to is the availability of upstream Linux images, having suffered quite a bit there with HardKernel’s products. Thankfully, Banana Pi has Armbian support (rated platinum for Banana Pi M5, whatever platinum means). To save even few more pennies, it comes with an onboard 16GB eMMC storage!

It’s been faithfully serving its purpose on the shelf next to the router for a couple of weeks now. Reliable little machine that’s fast and responsive! If you’re thinking of buying a single-board computer like Raspberry Pi, but couldn’t find available stocks, Banana Pi might fit in.

Chrome OS, Linux Containers and Application Launchers

So I installed the great brunch framework on my laptop after a hiatus of a couple of months. I still dislike the fact that the Linux containers are running under a VM on Chrome OS. Sure it is more secure as the containers won’t be able to access the host hardware directly etc. It is also slightly inefficient. So I tried both chromebrew and brioche. Note that brioche only supports brunch (thus half of this post won’t apply to official Chrome OS builds).

Windows 10/11 拼音输入法英式键盘

很多年前就遇到的难题，最近在知乎找到了解决办法（原po点此）。这里复述一下也作为一个存档备份。

问题概述

使用非美式键盘，使用微软内建的中文输入法，当激活拼音输入法（无论中英文模式）时，键盘布局永远是美式。结果就是输入符号时不符合键盘上的符号（甚至字母都不对，如果用的是非QWERTY的键盘布局）。

解决方案

你需要有管理员权限！

按下Windows键（或者点击开始菜单按钮）输入 regedit，回车或者点击注册表编辑器。进入 HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Keyboard Layouts 然后一个一个找（可以使用方向键翻，用鼠标点可能会点疯），找到你要修改的语言，例如这里我要改的是简体中文，文件夹00000804对应的就是简体中文的键盘布局 (Layout Text 的值是 Chinese (Simplified) - US Keyboard)，双击 Layout File 把值从 KBDUS.DLL 改成 KBDUK.DLL，可以顺便把 Layout Text 的值里面的 US Keyboard 改成 UK Keyboard。修改完成后需要重启电脑（或者登出再登入）生效。

如果你使用的是其他键盘布局，可以挨个找到该原生语言的布局（例如如果你用的是美式 Dvorak 键盘，挨个翻，可以找到 00010409 里面的 Layout Text 写的是 United States-Dvorak），找到正确的 Layout File，然后把中文的 Layout File 修改成对应的值（例如美式 Dvorak 就会是 KBDDV.DLL）。

其他方案

搜狗输入法、QQ输入法等第三方拼音输入法允许设置键盘布局，如果使用这些输入法就直接在设置里更改键盘布局即可。

最后吐槽一下Windows的设计，键盘布局应该是和语言无关、和硬件有关，在某些操作系统（比如Windows）中键盘布局变成和语言输入法耦合在一起就很莫名其妙。这样就算了，竟然没有一个在用户态更改键盘布局的图形界面……

2021年10月5号更新

本方法对Windows 11同样有效，但是从Windows 10升级到Windows 11后相关注册表值会被重置，按照上面的内容再修改一次就可以了。

Building KDE Frameworks on Windows from Source

Some notes on how to build KDE Frameworks packages from source on Windows using Visual Studio tools.

To do so, you need to first have a version of Qt compiled by MSVC installed. Some system environment variables to be set, using Qt 5.15.2 as an example:

PATH needs to add C:\Qt\5.15.2\msvc2019_64\bin
Qt_DIR needs to be set to C:\Qt\5.15.2\msvc2019_64

Example instructions for building CMake-based projects (all KDE projects), the command below should be executed in x64 Native Tools Command Prompt.

mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="C:\Qt\5.15.2\msvc2019_64"
nmake && nmake install

This will install the compiled KDE module into the Qt installation path. You can install it elsewhere, but if you do, make sure you update PATH environment variable accordingly.

Building Qt for Termux Android

This is by all means, not the first blog post about Termux. It serves as a journal for myself, as well for anyone who’s interested in cross building Qt or Qt-related projects for Termux (which is a native Linux environment for Android) from their x86_64 machines.

We already have @xeffyr who has done a great amount of work on building Qt for Termux. The work I’ve done recently would be 10 times harder, if not for what’s achieved by them already.

If you’re new to cross building for Termux, I recommend you to start with Developer Wiki.

调教三星 DeX 的输入法

不知道有多少人是被 DeX 吸引到三星 Galaxy S 系列中的，DeX 可是其中一个很大的卖点（至少在欧洲和北美市场， DeX 是重点宣传的功能）。连上显示器（现在支援无线 DeX 了），或者平板切换开启 DeX 模式，马上生产力上升了好几倍！

然后马上你就会发现输入法被锁死在三星键盘上了。无论你本来喜爱的是谷歌的 GBoard 还是搜狗拼音，都被三星键盘替代了（退出 DeX 后输入法会变回去）。

三星键盘的中文录入是勉强能用级别，明显的卡顿和超过10个候选词的界面让你觉得这软件就没有 QA 的。搜索了一大圈网络教程，亲测使用 adb 可以修改 DeX 的输入法（Android 11, One UI 3.1）。

比如更改成谷歌 GBoard ：

adb shell ime set com.google.android.inputmethod.latin/com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinIME

当然如果你的设备已经外接到显示器和键鼠了，又怎么通过 PC 或 Mac 来执行 adb 指令呢？好消息是 Android 开发者选项现在打开 WiFi adb debugging 了！更好的消息是你可以安装 Termux 然后下载为 Termux 预编译好的 adb 二进制程序，直接从手机／平板运行 adb 来改输入法。

另一个反人类的默认设置就是键盘候选框会显示在手机（或者平板电脑）上，这在打字的时候要去侧头看另一边来输入汉字简直莫名其妙。好在解决这个问题有个很简单的设置项（埋在了Samsung DeX里）。

设置 -> Samsung DeX -> 键盘 -> 屏幕键盘位置，改成“电视或显示器”

写到这里， DeX 的中文输入依然不好用（稍微能用一点了），在普通 Android 界面下能够追随光标的 GBoard 在 DeX 下也不能跟随光标了。而且输入习惯和 PC 或 Mac 上的输入法有所区别，也还是只能算勉强能用级别了。

Fedora Linux with MATE Desktop on Android

I know some of you geeks have already done something like that, running a GNU/Linux distribution on top of an Android device. It’s an interesting time, with projects like proot we don’t need root privilege on our Android devices to run a containerized Linux environment. Here in this post, I’ve written down the steps that I’ve taken to have a usable desktop environment up running on my Galaxy Tab S5e (this blog post has been written up purely within such environment).

Category: 作業系統